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A flat lay of pieces of an anatomical model eye, grape hyacinth flowers, and pebbles.

Decoding Nature's Chromatic Code

Modeling Retinal Physiology

A photo of Carlay L. Teed holding an anatomical model of the human eye

About Carlay L. Teed

Carlay L. Teed is a color vision researcher, working on her PhD at Purdue University. Their research focuses on the neural processing of color signals in non-human animals, and the implications this has for color perception. Carlay takes an integrative approach to this work, developing new models to incorporate the rich biodiversity found in the literature. Carlay’s passion for animal color vision started while pursuing their bachelor’s degree at Bethel University. Under the phenomenal mentorship of Dr. William McVaugh, she developed her foundational knowledge of retinal physiology, and did her senior thesis on the unusual mechanisms some animals use to encode color information. Since then, Carlay joined the Fernandez-Juricic Lab at Purdue university to study avian color vision. Now, 10 years after first pursuing the topic, Carlay still focuses on the retinal mechanisms of color vision. Specifically, cone opponent mechanisms, the spectrally opponent responses we measure from them, and how incorporating these mechanisms into our models improve our ability to predict what animals can discriminate.

My Research Interests

Cone, Color, and Spectral Opponency

My primary research interest is in the neural circuits which form the basis for color vison. I am interested in what cells are involved in these circuits, how these cells behave, and what this means for color perception in non-human animals. 

Mathematic Modeling of Color Discrimination

To evaluate the impact features of the visual system have on color discriminability, and to generate predictions about how animals can detect and distinguish between objects, I employ mathematical modeling, primarily the receptor noise limited (RNL) model. I am also developing my own model which is compatible with the RNL model but also incorporates the animal's cone opponent channels. 

Avian Discrimination of Spectral Colors

Spectral colors are the monochromatic lights which make up the rainbow. Humans are able to see wavelengths from roughly 400-700nm. Birds, however, are able to see into the ultraviolet or near ultraviolet portion of the visible spectrum as well. I am working on using mathematical modeling to predict how discriminable monochromatic lights will be to birds which can see UV light, and birds which cannot. 

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